分布式文档存储数据库之MongoDB访问控制的操作方法(2)-木庄网络博客

　　验证用户名和密码

　　给错误的密码

> db
admin
> db.auth("tom","admin")
Error: Authentication failed.
0
>

　给正确的密码

> db
admin
> db.auth("tom","123456")
1
>

　　创建一个普通用户

> use testdb
switched to db testdb
> db.createUser({user:"test",pwd:"admin",roles:[{role:"readWrite",db:"testdb"}]})
Successfully added user: {
  "user" : "test",
  "roles" : [
    {
      "role" : "readWrite",
      "db" : "testdb"
    }
  ]
}
> db.getUsers()
[
  {
    "_id" : "testdb.test",
    "userId" : UUID("95ecb34c-46f4-44fa-8948-4f0875499d8e"),
    "user" : "test",
    "db" : "testdb",
    "roles" : [
      {
        "role" : "readWrite",
        "db" : "testdb"
      }
    ],
    "mechanisms" : [
      "SCRAM-SHA-1",
      "SCRAM-SHA-256"
    ]
  }
]
>

　提示：以上就创建了一个名为test的用户，它可对testdb这个库下的所有collection做读写操作；

　　创建一个多角色的用户

> db
testdb
> db.createUser(
... {
... user:"jerry1",
... pwd:"admin123.com",
... roles:[
... {role:"clusterAdmin",db:"admin"},
... {role:"readWrite",db:"testdb"},
... {role:"read",db:"testdb1"}
... ]
... })
Successfully added user: {
  "user" : "jerry1",
  "roles" : [
    {
      "role" : "clusterAdmin",
      "db" : "admin"
    },
    {
      "role" : "readWrite",
      "db" : "testdb"
    },
    {
      "role" : "read",
      "db" : "testdb1"
    }
  ]
}
> db.getUsers()
[
  {
    "_id" : "testdb.jerry1",
    "userId" : UUID("43d66bf8-1e3a-4c14-ad73-5961b5a7660f"),
    "user" : "jerry1",
    "db" : "testdb",
    "roles" : [
      {
        "role" : "clusterAdmin",
        "db" : "admin"
      },
      {
        "role" : "readWrite",
        "db" : "testdb"
      },
      {
        "role" : "read",
        "db" : "testdb1"
      }
    ],
    "mechanisms" : [
      "SCRAM-SHA-1",
      "SCRAM-SHA-256"
    ]
  },
  {
    "_id" : "testdb.test",
    "userId" : UUID("95ecb34c-46f4-44fa-8948-4f0875499d8e"),
    "user" : "test",
    "db" : "testdb",
    "roles" : [
      {
        "role" : "readWrite",
        "db" : "testdb"
      }
    ],
    "mechanisms" : [
      "SCRAM-SHA-1",
      "SCRAM-SHA-256"
    ]
  }
]
>

　　提示：在mongodb中一个用户可以授权拥有多个角色权限；

　　开启mongodb服务端访问控制配置

　　重启服务

[root@node12 ~]# systemctl restart mongod.service
[root@node12 ~]# ss -tnl
State  Recv-Q Send-Q   Local Address:Port      Peer Address:Port    
LISTEN  0  128      *:22          *:*     
LISTEN  0  100    127.0.0.1:25          *:*     
LISTEN  0  128      *:27017         *:*     
LISTEN  0  128      :::22         :::*     
LISTEN  0  100      ::1:25         :::*     
[root@node12 ~]#

　　测试：现在连接mongodb，看看会发生什么？

[root@node12 ~]# mongo
MongoDB shell version v4.4.1
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("68fa2f83-64a4-42c2-8d64-9ee73a77e883") }
MongoDB server version: 4.4.1
> show dbs
> db
test
> show tables
Warning: unable to run listCollections, attempting to approximate collection names by parsing connectionStatus
>

　　提示：现在我们直接连接mongodb是可以正常连接，但是我们没法查看数据列表以及collections了；这个时候我们就需要进行用户认证了；

　　认证用户

> db
test
> db.auth("test","admin")
Error: Authentication failed.
0
> use testdb
switched to db testdb
> db.auth("test","admin")
1
> show dbs
> show collections
>

　　提示：认证用户必须切换到对应的数据库下做认证；我这里test用户只能对testdb库下的所有collection进行读写，所以认证以后，我们在使用 show dbs命令就看不到系统admin和config库了；除了上述连接数据库以后使用db.auth()做用户认证，我们也可直接在连接数据库时指定用户名和密码，如下

[root@node12 ~]# mongo -utest -padmin testdb
MongoDB shell version v4.4.1
connecting to: mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/testdb?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("60c43e94-04c6-46f4-be07-07ca8fa06b2f") }
MongoDB server version: 4.4.1
> show dbs
> exit
bye
[root@node12 ~]# mongo -utest -padmin 192.168.0.52:27017/testdb
MongoDB shell version v4.4.1
connecting to: mongodb://192.168.0.52:27017/testdb?compressors=disabled&gssapiServiceName=mongodb
Implicit session: session { "id" : UUID("a30dbd64-7b59-4a8e-b95d-02ff30e256f3") }
MongoDB server version: 4.4.1
> show dbs
> show tables
>

　　以上就是在mongodb中开启访问控制，创建用户，授权的操作；我们只需要在配置文件中指定开启认证功能，然后使用具有创建用户权限的用户登录数据库创建用户授权即可；

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