Python中random模块生成随机数的七个常用函数的用法介绍

>>> random.random()0.5578093677010638

random.uniform(a, b)

>>> random.uniform(10, 20)

16.864972616523794

>>> random.uniform(20, 10)

10.851664722380086

random.randint(a, b)

>>> random.randint(12, 20)

>>> random.randint(20, 20)

>>> random.randint(30, 20)  # 不能这样用，下限必须小于等于上限

Traceback (most recent call last):

  File "<input>", line 1, in <module>

  File "D:\Software\Anaconda3\lib\random.py", line 221, in randint

    return self.randrange(a, b+1)

  File "D:\Software\Anaconda3\lib\random.py", line 199, in randrange

    raise ValueError("empty range for randrange() (%d,%d, %d)" % (istart, istop, width))

random.randrange([start], stop[, step])

>>> random.randrange(10, 100)

29

>>> random.randrange(10, 100, 2)

98

random.choice(sequence)

>>> random.choice('HelloWorld')

'r'

>>> random.choice(['java', 'python', 'C' , 'PHP'])

'python'

>>> random.choice(('list', 'tuple', 'dict'))

'tuple'

random.shuffle(x[, random])

>>> l = ['java', 'python', 'C' , 'PHP']

>>> random.shuffle(l)

>>> l

['PHP', 'C', 'java', 'python']

random.sample(sequence, k)

>>> random.sample([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10], 5)

[7, 2, 9, 4, 1]