本文整理自网络，侵删。
procedure BitmapDilate(Bitmap: TBitmap);
//传入的Bitmap为二值位图
var
X, Y: integer;
O, P, Q, R: pByteArray;
newbmp: TBitmap;
begin
newbmp := TBitmap.Create;
newbmp.Assign(bitmap);
for Y := 1 to newbmp.Height - 2 do
begin
O := bitmap.ScanLine[Y];
P := newbmp.ScanLine[Y - 1];
Q := newbmp.ScanLine[Y];
R := newbmp.ScanLine[Y + 1];
for X := 1 to newbmp.Width - 2 do
begin
if ((O[3 * X] = 255) and (O[3 * X + 1] = 255) and (O[3 * X + 2] = 255)) then
begin
if (((Q[3 * (X - 1)] = 0) and (Q[3 * (X - 1) + 1] = 0) and (Q[3 * (X - 1) + 2] = 0))
or ((Q[3 * (X + 1)] = 0) and (Q[3 * (X + 1) + 1] = 0) and (Q[3 * (X + 1) + 2] = 0))
or ((P[3 * X] = 0) and (P[3 * X + 1] = 0) and (P[3 * X + 2] = 0))
or ((R[3 * X] = 0) and (R[3 * X + 1] = 0) and (R[3 * X + 2] = 0))) then
begin
O[3 * X] := 0;
O[3 * X + 1] := 0;
O[3 * X + 2] := 0;
end;
end;
end;
end;
end;
过程调用示例：
uses Math;
//打开图片
procedure TForm1.Button1Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
if OpenPictureDialog1.Execute then
Image1.Picture.LoadFromFile(OpenPictureDialog1.FileName);
end;
//图像二值化处理
procedure TForm1.Button2Click(Sender: TObject);
var
p: PByteArray;
Gray, x, y: Integer;
Bmp: TBitmap;
begin
Bmp := TBitmap.Create;
Bmp.Assign(Image1.Picture.Bitmap);
//设置为24位真彩色
Bmp.PixelFormat := pf24Bit;
randomize;
for y := 0 to Bmp.Height - 1 do
begin
p := Bmp.scanline[y];
for x := 0 to Bmp.Width - 1 do
begin
//一个象素点三个字节
Gray := Round(p[x * 3 + 2] * 0.3 + p[x * 3 + 1] * 0.59 + p[x * 3] * 0.11);
if gray > 128 then //全局阀值128
begin
p[x * 3] := 255;
p[x * 3 + 1] := 255;
p[x * 3 + 2] := 255;
end else begin
p[x * 3] := 0;
p[x * 3 + 1] := 0;
p[x * 3 + 2] := 0;
end;
end;
end;
Image2.Picture.Bitmap.Assign(Bmp);
Bmp.Free;
end;
//图像膨胀处理
procedure TForm1.Button3Click(Sender: TObject);
begin
BitmapDilate(Image2.Picture.Bitmap);
Image2.Repaint; //更新显示
end;
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