一次Mysql死锁排查过程的全纪录-木庄网络博客

本文整理自网络，侵删。

前言

之前接触到的数据库死锁，都是批量更新时加锁顺序不一致而导致的死锁，但是上周却遇到了一个很难理解的死锁。借着这个机会又重新学习了一下mysql的死锁知识以及常见的死锁场景。在多方调研以及和同事们的讨论下终于发现了这个死锁问题的成因，收获颇多。虽然是后端程序员，我们不需要像DBA一样深入地去分析与锁相关的源码，但是如果我们能够掌握基本的死锁排查方法，对我们的日常开发还是大有裨益的。

PS：本文不会介绍死锁的基本知识，mysql的加锁原理可以参考本文的参考资料提供的链接。

死锁起因

先介绍一下数据库和表情况，因为涉及到公司内部真是的数据，所以以下都做了模拟，不会影响具体的分析。

我们采用的是5.5版本的mysql数据库，事务隔离级别是默认的RR（Repeatable-Read），采用innodb引擎。假设存在test表：

CREATE TABLE `test` (
 `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
 `a` int(11) unsigned DEFAULT NULL,
 PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
 UNIQUE KEY `a` (`a`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=100 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

表的结构很简单，一个主键id，另一个唯一索引a。表里的数据如下：

mysql> select * from test;
+----+------+
| id | a |
+----+------+
| 1 | 1 |
| 2 | 2 |
| 4 | 4 |
+----+------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

出现死锁的操作如下：

步骤	事务1	事务2
1		begin
2		delete from test where a = 2;
3	begin
4	delete from test where a = 2; （事务1卡住）
5	提示出现死锁：ERROR 1213 (40001): Deadlock found when trying to get lock; try restarting transaction	insert into test (id, a) values (10, 2);

然后我们可以通过SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS;来查看死锁日志：

------------------------
LATEST DETECTED DEADLOCK
------------------------
170219 13:31:31
*** (1) TRANSACTION:
TRANSACTION 2A8BD, ACTIVE 11 sec starting index read
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
LOCK WAIT 2 lock struct(s), heap size 376, 1 row lock(s)
MySQL thread id 448218, OS thread handle 0x2abe5fb5d700, query id 18923238 renjun.fangcloud.net 121.41.41.92 root updating
delete from test where a = 2
*** (1) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:
RECORD LOCKS space id 0 page no 923 n bits 80 index `a` of table `oauthdemo`.`test` trx id 2A8BD lock_mode X waiting
Record lock, heap no 3 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 32
 0: len 4; hex 00000002; asc ;;
 1: len 4; hex 00000002; asc ;;
*** (2) TRANSACTION:
TRANSACTION 2A8BC, ACTIVE 18 sec inserting
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
4 lock struct(s), heap size 1248, 3 row lock(s), undo log entries 2
MySQL thread id 448217, OS thread handle 0x2abe5fd65700, query id 18923239 renjun.fangcloud.net 121.41.41.92 root update
insert into test (id,a) values (10,2)
*** (2) HOLDS THE LOCK(S):
RECORD LOCKS space id 0 page no 923 n bits 80 index `a` of table `oauthdemo`.`test` trx id 2A8BC lock_mode X locks rec but not gap
Record lock, heap no 3 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 32
 0: len 4; hex 00000002; asc ;;
 1: len 4; hex 00000002; asc ;;
*** (2) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:
RECORD LOCKS space id 0 page no 923 n bits 80 index `a` of table `oauthdemo`.`test` trx id 2A8BC lock mode S waiting
Record lock, heap no 3 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 32
 0: len 4; hex 00000002; asc ;;
 1: len 4; hex 00000002; asc ;;
*** WE ROLL BACK TRANSACTION (1)

分析

阅读死锁日志

遇到死锁，第一步就是阅读死锁日志。死锁日志通常分为两部分，上半部分说明了事务1在等待什么锁：

170219 13:31:31
*** (1) TRANSACTION:
TRANSACTION 2A8BD, ACTIVE 11 sec starting index read
mysql tables in use 1, locked 1
LOCK WAIT 2 lock struct(s), heap size 376, 1 row lock(s)
MySQL thread id 448218, OS thread handle 0x2abe5fb5d700, query id 18923238 renjun.fangcloud.net 121.41.41.92 root updating
delete from test where a = 2
*** (1) WAITING FOR THIS LOCK TO BE GRANTED:
RECORD LOCKS space id 0 page no 923 n bits 80 index `a` of table `oauthdemo`.`test` trx id 2A8BD lock_mode X waiting
Record lock, heap no 3 PHYSICAL RECORD: n_fields 2; compact format; info bits 32
 0: len 4; hex 00000002; asc ;;
 1: len 4; hex 00000002; asc ;;

从日志里我们可以看到事务1当前正在执行delete from test where a = 2，该条语句正在申请索引a的X锁，所以提示lock_mode X waiting。

阅读剩余部分