详解MySQL8.0 字典表增强-木庄网络博客

本文整理自网络，侵删。

MySQL中数据字典是数据库重要的组成部分之一，INFORMATION_SCHEMA首次引入于MySQL 5.0，作为一种从正在运行的MySQL服务器检索元数据的标准兼容方式。用于存储数据元数据、统计信息、以及有关MySQL server的访问信息（例如：数据库名或表名，字段的数据类型和访问权限等）。

8.0之前：

1、元数据来自文件

2、采用MEMORY表引擎

3、frm文件存放表结构信息

4、opt文件，记录了每个库的一些基本信息，包括库的字符集等信息

5、.TRN，.TRG文件用于存放触发器的信息内容

5.6> SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA ,ENGINE ,COUNT(*) from information_schema.tables where table_schema in ('information_schema' ,'mysql','performance_schema', 'sys') group by TABLE_SCHEMA ,ENGINE;
+--------------------+--------------------+----------+
| TABLE_SCHEMA    | ENGINE       | COUNT(*) |
+--------------------+--------------------+----------+
| information_schema | MEMORY       |    49 |
| information_schema | MyISAM       |    10 |
| mysql       | CSV        |    2 |
| mysql       | InnoDB       |    6 |
| mysql       | MyISAM       |    21 |
| performance_schema | PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA |    52 |
+--------------------+--------------------+----------+

5.7> SELECT TABLE_SCHEMA ,ENGINE ,COUNT(*) from information_schema.tables where table_schema in ('information_schema' ,'mysql','performance_schema', 'sys') group by TABLE_SCHEMA ,ENGINE;
+--------------------+--------------------+----------+
| TABLE_SCHEMA    | ENGINE       | COUNT(*) |
+--------------------+--------------------+----------+
| information_schema | InnoDB       |    10 |
| information_schema | MEMORY       |    51 |
| mysql       | CSV        |    2 |
| mysql       | InnoDB       |    19 |
| mysql       | MyISAM       |    10 |
| performance_schema | PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA |    87 |
| sys        | NULL        |   100 |
| sys        | InnoDB       |    1 |
+--------------------+--------------------+----------+

8.0之后：

1、元数据存在表中

2、全部迁到mysql库下，改为innodb表引擎，且被隐藏

3、information_schema下只能通过view查看

4、NULL的全部为view

5、存储在单独的表空间mysql.ibd

8.0> select TABLE_SCHEMA,ENGINE,count(*) from tables where TABLE_SCHEMA in ('information_schema','mysql','performance_schema','sys') group by TABLE_SCHEMA,ENGINE;
+--------------------+--------------------+----------+
| TABLE_SCHEMA    | ENGINE       | count(*) |
+--------------------+--------------------+----------+
| information_schema | NULL        |    65 |
| mysql       | InnoDB       |    31 |
| mysql       | CSV        |    2 |
| performance_schema | PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA |   102 |
| sys        | NULL        |   100 |
| sys        | InnoDB       |    1 |
+--------------------+--------------------+----------+

尽管5.7有了一些改进，但INFORMATION_SCHEMA的性能仍然是我们许多用户的主要痛点。在当前INFORMATION_SCHEMA实现方式下产生的性能问题背后的关键原因是，INFORMATION_SCHEMA表的查询实现方式是在查询执行期间创建临时表。

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