mysqldump数据库备份参数详解-木庄网络博客

本文整理自网络，侵删。

mysqldump备份：

代码如下:

mysqldump -u用户名 -p密码 -h主机数据库 a -w “sql条件” –lock-all-tables > 路径

mysqldump还原：

代码如下:

mysqldump -u用户名 -p密码 -h主机数据库 < 路径

mysqldump按条件导出：

代码如下:

mysqldump -u用户名 -p密码 -h主机数据库 a –where “条件语句” –no-建表> 路径
mysqldump -uroot -p1234 dbname a –where “tag='88′” –no-create-info> c:\a.sql

mysqldump按条件导入：

代码如下:

mysqldump -u用户名 -p密码 -h主机数据库 < 路径

案例：

代码如下:

mysql -uroot -p1234 db1 < c:\a.txt

mysqldump导出表：

代码如下:

mysqldump -u用户名 -p密码 -h主机数据库表

案例：mysqldump -uroot -p sqlhk9 a –no-data

参数详解：

使用mysqldump
mysqldump -u root -p your-new-password databasename [tablename] > db.sql

比较大的表需要用优化的dump以节省内存：
mysqldump --opt database > backup-file.sql

mysqldump工具有大量的选项，部分选项如下表：

　　选项/Option 作用/Action Performed

　　--add-drop-table

　　这个选项将会在每一个表的前面加上DROP TABLE IF EXISTS语句，这样可以保证导回MySQL数据库的时候不会出错，因为每次导回的时候，都会首先检查表是否存在，存在就删除

　　--add-locks

　　这个选项会在INSERT语句中捆上一个LOCK TABLE和UNLOCK TABLE语句。这就防止在这些记录被再次导入数据库时其他用户对表进行的操作
　　
　　-c or - complete_insert

　　这个选项使得mysqldump命令给每一个产生INSERT语句加上列（field）的名字。当把数据导出导另外一个数据库时这个选项很有用。

　　--delayed-insert 在INSERT命令中加入DELAY选项

　　-F or -flush-logs 使用这个选项，在执行导出之前将会刷新MySQL服务器的log.

　　-f or -force 使用这个选项，即使有错误发生，仍然继续导出

　　--full 这个选项把附加信息也加到CREATE TABLE的语句中

　　-l or -lock-tables 使用这个选项，导出表的时候服务器将会给表加锁。

　　-t or -no-create- info

　　这个选项使的mysqldump命令不创建CREATE TABLE语句，这个选项在您只需要数据而不需要DDL（数据库定义语句）时很方便。
　　
　　-d or -no-data 这个选项使的mysqldump命令不创建INSERT语句。

在您只需要DDL语句时，可以使用这个选项。

　　--opt 此选项将打开所有会提高文件导出速度和创造一个可以更快导入的文件的选项。

　　-q or -quick 这个选项使得MySQL不会把整个导出的内容读入内存再执行导出，而是在读到的时候就写入导文件中。

　　-T path or -tab = path 这个选项将会创建两个文件，一个文件包含DDL语句或者表创建语句，另一个文件包含数据。DDL文件被命名为table_name.sql,数据文件被命名为table_name.txt.路径名是存放这两个文件的目录。目录必须已经存在，并且命令的使用者有对文件的特权。
　　
　　-w "WHERE Clause" or -where = "Where clause "

参考国外网站

NAME
mysqldump - a database backup program

SYNOPSIS
mysqldump [options] [db_name [tbl_name ...]]

DESCRIPTION
       The mysqldump client can be used to dump a database or a collection of
       databases for backup or for transferring the data to another SQL server
       (not necessarily a MySQL server). The dump contains SQL statements to
       create the table and/or populate the table.

       If you are doing a backup on the server, and your tables all are MyISAM
       tables, you could consider using the mysqlhotcopy instead since faster
       backups and faster restores can be accomplished with the latter. See
       mysqlhotcopy(1).

There are three general ways to invoke mysqldump:

       shell> mysqldump [options] db_name [tables]
       shell> mysqldump [options] --databases DB1 [DB2 DB3...]
       shell> mysqldump [options] --all-databases

If you do not name any tables or use the --databases or --all-databases
option, entire databases are dumped.

To get a list of the options your version of mysqldump supports,
execute mysqldump --help.

       If you run mysqldump without the --quick or --opt option, mysqldump
       loads the whole result set into memory before dumping the result. This
       probably is a problem if you are dumping a big database. As of MySQL
       4.1, --opt is enabled by default, but can be disabled with --skip-opt.

       If you are using a recent copy of the mysqldump program to generate a
       dump to be reloaded into a very old MySQL server, you should not use
       the --opt or -e options.

       Before MySQL 4.1.2, out-of-range numeric values such as -inf and inf,
       as well as NaN (not-a-number) values are dumped by mysqldump as NULL.
       You can see this using the following sample table:

       mysql> CREATE TABLE t (f DOUBLE);
       mysql> INSERT INTO t VALUES(1e+111111111111111111111);
       mysql> INSERT INTO t VALUES(-1e111111111111111111111);
       mysql> SELECT f FROM t;
       +------+
       | f    |
       +------+
       | inf |
       | -inf |
       +------+

For this table, mysqldump produces the following data output:

       --
       -- Dumping data for table ‘t‘
       --
       INSERT INTO t VALUES (NULL);
       INSERT INTO t VALUES (NULL);

       The significance of this behavior is that if you dump and restore the
       table, the new table has contents that differ from the original
       contents. This problem is fixed as of MySQL 4.1.2; you cannot insert
       inf in the table, so this mysqldump behavior is only relevant when you
       deal with old servers.

mysqldump supports the following options:

· --help, -?

Display a help message and exit.

· --add-drop-database

Add a DROP DATABASE statement before each CREATE DATABASE statement.
Added in MySQL 4.1.13.

· --add-drop-table

Add a DROP TABLE statement before each CREATE TABLE statement.

· --add-locks

          Surround each table dump with LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES
          statements. This results in faster inserts when the dump file is
          reloaded. See Section 2.13, “Speed of INSERT Statements”.

· --all-databases, -A

Dump all tables in all databases. This is the same as using the
--databases option and naming all the databases on the command line.

· --allow-keywords

Allow creation of column names that are keywords. This works by
prefixing each column name with the table name.

· --comments[={0|1}]

          If set to 0, suppresses additional information in the dump file such
          as program version, server version, and host. --skip-comments has
          the same effect as --comments=0. The default value is 1, which
          includes the extra information. Added in MySQL 4.0.17.

· --compact

          Produce less verbose output. This option suppresses comments and
          enables the --skip-add-drop-table, --no-set-names,
          --skip-disable-keys, and --skip-add-locks options. Added in MySQL
          4.1.2.

· --compatible=name

          Produce output that is more compatible with other database systems
          or with older MySQL servers. The value of name can be ansi,
          mysql323, mysql40, postgresql, oracle, mssql, db2, maxdb,
          no_key_options, no_table_options, or no_field_options. To use
          several values, separate them by commas. These values have the same
          meaning as the corresponding options for setting the server SQL
          mode. See the section called “THE SERVER SQL MODE”.

          This option does not guarantee compatibility with other servers. It
          only enables those SQL mode values that are currently available for
          making dump output more compatible. For example, --compatible=oracle
          does not map data types to Oracle types or use Oracle comment
          syntax.

This option requires a server version of 4.1.0 or higher. With older
servers, it does nothing.

· --complete-insert, -c

Use complete INSERT statements that include column names.

· --compress, -C

Compress all information sent between the client and the server if
both support compression.

· --create-options

Include all MySQL-specific table options in the CREATE TABLE
statements. Before MySQL 4.1.2, use --all instead.

· --databases, -B

          Dump several databases. Normally, mysqldump treats the first name
          argument on the command line as a database name and following names
          as table names. With this option, it treats all name arguments as
          database names. CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS db_name and USE
          db_name statements are included in the output before each new
          database.

· --debug[=debug_options], -# [debug_options]

Write a debugging log. The debug_options string is often
´d:t:o,file_name'.

· --default-character-set=charset

          Use charset as the default character set. See Section 7.1, “The
          Character Set Used for Data and Sorting”. If not specified,
          mysqldump from MySQL 4.1.2 or later uses utf8, and earlier versions
          use latin1.

· --delayed-insert

Insert rows using INSERT DELAYED statements.

· --delete-master-logs

          On a master replication server, delete the binary logs after
          performing the dump operation. This option automatically enables
          --first-slave before MySQL 4.1.8 and enables --master-data
          thereafter. It was added in MySQL 3.23.57 (for MySQL 3.23) and MySQL
          4.0.13 (for MySQL 4.0).

· --disable-keys, -K

          For each table, surround the INSERT statements with /*!40000 ALTER
          TABLE tbl_name DISABLE KEYS */; and /*!40000 ALTER TABLE tbl_name
          ENABLE KEYS */; statements. This makes loading the dump file into a
          MySQL 4.0 or newer server faster because the indexes are created
          after all rows are inserted. This option is effective for MyISAM
          tables only.

· --extended-insert, -e

          Use multiple-row INSERT syntax that include several VALUES lists.
          This results in a smaller dump file and speeds up inserts when the
          file is reloaded.

       · --fields-terminated-by=..., --fields-enclosed-by=...,
          --fields-optionally-enclosed-by=..., --fields-escaped-by=...,
          --lines-terminated-by=...

          These options are used with the -T option and have the same meaning
          as the corresponding clauses for LOAD DATA INFILE. See Section 2.5,
          “LOAD DATA INFILE Syntax”.

· --first-slave, -x

Deprecated, renamed to --lock-all-tables in MySQL 4.1.8.

· --flush-logs, -F

          Flush the MySQL server log files before starting the dump. This
          option requires the RELOAD privilege. Note that if you use this
          option in combination with the --all-databases (or -A) option, the
          logs are flushed for each database dumped. The exception is when
          using --lock-all-tables or --master-data: In this case, the logs are
          flushed only once, corresponding to the moment that all tables are
          locked. If you want your dump and the log flush to happen at exactly
          the same moment, you should use --flush-logs together with either
          --lock-all-tables or --master-data.

· --force, -f

Continue even if an SQL error occurs during a table dump.

· --host=host_name, -h host_name

Dump data from the MySQL server on the given host. The default host
is localhost.

· --hex-blob

          Dump binary string columns using hexadecimal notation (for example,
          ´abc' becomes 0x616263). The affected columns are BINARY, VARBINARY,
          and BLOB in MySQL 4.1 and up, and CHAR BINARY, VARCHAR BINARY, and
          BLOB in MySQL 4.0. This option was added in MySQL 4.0.23 and 4.1.8.

· --lock-all-tables, -x

          Lock all tables across all databases. This is achieved by acquiring
          a global read lock for the duration of the whole dump. This option
          automatically turns off --single-transaction and --lock-tables.
          Added in MySQL 4.1.8.

· --lock-tables, -l

          Lock all tables before starting the dump. The tables are locked with
          READ LOCAL to allow concurrent inserts in the case of MyISAM tables.
          For transactional tables such as InnoDB and BDB,
          --single-transaction is a much better option, because it does not
          need to lock the tables at all.

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